Infertility is the medical term for the inability to conceive after one year (or six months for those over 35) of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women and is a complex issue with various potential causes. Causes of Infertility:Female Factors:Ovulation problems: Hormonal imbalances, PCOS, thyroid issues, or other conditions can disrupt ovulation. Uterine problems: Uterine polyps, fibroids, or scar tissue can interfere with implantation. Fallopian tube issues: Blockages or damage to the fallopian tubes can prevent egg transport. Endometriosis: This condition can cause scarring and inflammation, affecting fertility. Egg quality and quantity: As women age, the number and quality of eggs decrease, making conception more difficult. Male Factors:Sperm problems: Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology can reduce the chances of fertilization. Testicular issues: Conditions like testicular cancer or infections can affect sperm production. Hormonal imbalances: Problems with hormone production or regulation can impair sperm production. Ejaculation problems: Erectile dysfunction or issues with ejaculation can prevent sperm from reaching the egg.

Normal delivery, also known as a spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD), is the natural process of giving birth through the birth canal without any surgical intervention. It's the most common way for women to give birth and is generally considered safer than Cesarean section (C-section) when there are no complications.

Gynecological surgeries, or gynae surgeries, involve surgical procedures performed on the female reproductive system. These surgeries can be for various reasons, including treatment of conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, or ovarian cysts, cancer treatment, or managing issues like uterine prolapse or abnormal bleeding. Surgeries can also be used for permanent birth control. Common types of gynae surgeries include: Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus.Oophorectomy: Removal of the ovaries.Myomectomy: Removal of fibroids.Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to visualize and potentially operate on organs in the abdomen and pelvic area.Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A procedure to remove tissue from the uterus, often used for abortion or to manage incomplete miscarriages.Tubal Ligation: A procedure to block or cut the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy.Hysteroscopy: A procedure to visualize the inside of the uterus.Vulvectomy: Removal of the vulva.Pelvic Floor Reconstruction: Surgery to repair pelvic floor muscles.Adhesiolysis: Surgery to release scar tissue.